Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive technique used by orthopedic surgeons to diagnose and treat joint conditions. Unlike traditional open surgery, arthroscopy involves small incisions through which a tiny camera and surgical instruments are inserted into the joint. This approach allows for detailed internal visualization and targeted treatment, reducing the trauma to surrounding tissues.
At Joseph Cohn, MD, FAAOS in Harker Heights, TX, Dr. Joseph Cohn uses arthroscopy to address a wide range of joint issues—often providing faster recovery, less pain, and reduced scarring for patients. Arthroscopic procedures are most commonly performed on the knee and shoulder but can also be used for the hip, wrist, ankle, and elbow.
This technique has grown in popularity because it combines diagnostic precision with the ability to perform real-time repairs. For patients experiencing joint pain, stiffness, or instability that doesn’t improve with conservative treatment, arthroscopic surgery may offer a practical and effective solution.
When Arthroscopy Is Recommended
Arthroscopic surgery is typically advised when imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs suggest damage inside the joint that may be treatable surgically. It’s commonly used for soft tissue injuries, mechanical joint problems, and early-stage degenerative conditions.
Dr. Cohn may recommend arthroscopy for the following issues:
- Torn ligaments or cartilage (such as ACL tears or meniscus tears in the knee)
- Loose bone or cartilage fragments
- Inflammation of the joint lining (synovitis)
- Rotator cuff tears in the shoulder
- Recurrent joint dislocations
- Impingement syndromes or joint stiffness
Unlike open surgery, arthroscopy allows for a closer look inside the joint without disrupting nearby muscles or tendons. This is particularly helpful in complex joints where internal structures are hard to reach through traditional methods. The goal is not only to relieve symptoms but to preserve natural joint anatomy whenever possible.
How the Procedure Works
The arthroscopic procedure begins with small incisions around the joint, often less than a centimeter long. A sterile fluid is introduced to expand the joint space, giving the surgeon a clear view. A tiny fiber-optic camera called an arthroscope is inserted, projecting images onto a monitor to guide the surgery.
Using specialized tools, Dr. Cohn can then remove damaged tissue, smooth bone surfaces, repair ligaments or tendons, or correct structural abnormalities. Sutures, anchors, or grafts may be used to support healing.
Most arthroscopic surgeries are completed in under two hours and are performed under regional or general anesthesia. Because the incisions are so small, they require only minimal suturing and leave behind very little scarring. Patients are usually able to go home the same day.
Benefits of Arthroscopic Surgery
Arthroscopic surgery offers several advantages over traditional open procedures. These include:
- Smaller incisions and less scarring
- Reduced post-operative pain and swelling
- Shorter recovery times
- Lower risk of infection and complications
- Improved accuracy in diagnosing and treating joint conditions
These benefits make arthroscopy especially valuable for athletes or active individuals who want to return to their routines quickly. However, it’s not limited to sports injuries—older adults and individuals with chronic joint problems also benefit from this minimally invasive approach.
With the right rehabilitation and follow-up, arthroscopic surgery can result in long-lasting symptom relief and preserved joint function.
What to Expect During Recovery
Recovery from arthroscopic surgery depends on the joint involved and the type of repair performed. While many patients resume light activity within a few days, full recovery can take several weeks to months.
Immediately after surgery, patients may experience swelling, bruising, or minor discomfort around the incision site. Ice therapy, elevation, and pain medications help manage early symptoms. Dr. Cohn provides detailed instructions to ensure proper wound care and support healing.
Rehabilitation plays a key role in recovery. Most patients are referred to physical therapy to restore strength, flexibility, and joint movement. Activity restrictions may apply, and assistive devices such as slings, braces, or crutches may be used temporarily.
Knee and shoulder arthroscopies typically involve progressive phases of rehab, starting with gentle range-of-motion exercises and gradually advancing to resistance training. The timeline is individualized based on the patient’s progress and surgical findings.
Risks and Considerations
Although arthroscopic surgery is less invasive than traditional surgery, it’s not completely risk-free. Complications are rare but can include infection, bleeding, nerve damage, blood clots, or stiffness.
The outcome also depends on the underlying condition. Some issues, especially those related to advanced arthritis, may not be fully resolved with arthroscopy alone. In such cases, further treatment or eventual joint replacement may be necessary.
Before recommending surgery, Dr. Cohn conducts a thorough evaluation to ensure that arthroscopy is the most appropriate and beneficial option. Patient health, lifestyle, and recovery expectations are all considered when planning the procedure.
Is Arthroscopy Right for You?
If you’ve been dealing with ongoing joint pain, reduced mobility, or recurring injuries that don’t improve with conservative care, arthroscopy might be worth exploring. The best candidates are generally healthy individuals with a specific joint issue that has been clearly identified through imaging and physical examination.
At Joseph Cohn, MD, FAAOS, Dr. Joseph Cohn believes in patient-centered care and detailed consultations. He takes time to explain the diagnosis, walk you through the procedure, and ensure all questions are answered before moving forward.
When paired with expert surgical technique and a comprehensive recovery plan, arthroscopic surgery can lead to significant improvements in comfort, function, and quality of life.
Resources
Andrews, J. R., & Wilk, K. E. (2005). The Athlete’s Shoulder. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.
Moses, B., & Tjoumakaris, F. P. (2014). Arthroscopic Management of Meniscal Tears. Clinical Sports Medicine.
Schwarz, N. A., & Reilly, B. M. (2018). Arthroscopy: Overview and Clinical Applications. American Family Physician.
